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Orthodrome guide

User guide

Connect airports, compare alternatives and draw range circles. Draw them by hand, or describe a whole Map in a readable link.

Terms. A Map contains Paths, and a Path contains Legs. A Leg either connects two airports or is a Range, drawn as a range circle around one airport. A Path can be empty while you edit it. For screen sizes, phone means under 720 px wide, phones and tablets under 1024 px, and desktop 1024 px and wider.
Try three Legs from Helsinki

01 / Draw legs

Your first Path

Write an expression

Type an expression in the Draw legs field and press Enter or the arrow button. Every resolved Leg is added to the active Path.

HEL-JFK
HEL-(JFK,LAX)
OUL-HEL-LHR
HEL@200nm

Expressions accept ICAO and IATA codes in any case. A hyphen makes one Leg for each adjacent pair, so OUL-HEL-LHR is two Legs. A return such as HEL–ARN–HEL is two Legs as well.

Comma-separated alternatives in parentheses expand into one Leg per alternative. The whole expression is resolved first: an unknown or ambiguous code changes nothing.

While you type, the field suggests airports for the code under the cursor. Each hyphen, opening parenthesis or comma starts a new search, so you can also type a name or city such as Helsinki-new york. Larger airports come first, and an exact code match stays in the first two suggestions. A city code such as LON or NYC suggests that city’s airports.

While you type a name or a partial code, the best match is preselected, so Enter takes it; tap a suggestion or use ↑ / ↓ to choose another. The choice replaces the typed text with the airport code. When the code under the cursor already matches one airport, Enter draws the expression.

Use a Leg card

Build one Leg at a time from an empty card:

  1. In an empty Leg, type an airport code, name or city, for example EFHK, HEL or Helsinki. Results appear after two characters.
  2. The best match is preselected, so Enter takes it; pick another with the mouse, or with ↑ / ↓ and Enter. The airport appears as a chip.
  3. Add the second airport. Orthodrome draws the Leg along the great circle and shows its distance.
  4. Choose Add leg for another Leg in the same Path, or New path for a separate Path with its own colour.

Pick airports on the map

Click an airport to fill the active Leg. When both airports are set, the next click starts a new Leg from its arrival airport. Click a chip to replace it; Reverse swaps the two.

Import your flights

Choose Import flights in the top bar, in the phone menu or in Commands, then pick a CSV export from Flighty or my.flightradar24. Orthodrome reads the file in your browser and never uploads it. Canceled flights are left out, a diverted flight ends at the airport where it landed, and rows with an unknown airport are listed as skipped.

  1. Choose One path per Month, Year or Trip. A Trip ends when you land at your Home airport, or after 30 days without flights; Orthodrome suggests the airport where you spend the most time between flights. Each Trip is named after the place you stayed longest and the month it began.
  2. Narrow the Years if needed. A Map holds up to 100 Paths and 500 Legs, and the preview says when the import would not fit.
  3. Keep Merge repeated routes on to draw each airport pair once per Path, whichever way it was flown. Turn it off to keep every flight as its own Leg.
  4. If the Map already has Legs, choose Replace current map or Add to current map, then Import. The imported Paths start collapsed in the dock.

02 / Map & settings

Map controls

The settings sit in the map’s top-left corner. On phones and tablets they open from Map settings and close with Esc or the same button, so they do not cover the map while you work.

Globe / Mercator / Equal Earth
The default globe; a flat Mercator map that repeats across the date line and cannot show the poles; or a flat Equal Earth map that keeps areas true to scale and shows the whole world, both poles included. All three draw the same great-circle Legs.
Range winds: Still air / Winds / Both
Still air draws each Range circle as a plain radius. Winds redraws it as the reach along direct routes in the mean winds of the chosen period. Both draws them together, with the still-air circle as a reference line in the opposite line style. Legs between two airports keep their geometry; only their time estimates follow the winds.
Wind period
Which mean winds to use: the annual mean by default, or one month. It appears next to the switch while Winds or Both is on.
km / mi / nm
Show distances in kilometres, statute miles or nautical miles; speeds follow as km/h, mph or knots. Changing the unit never changes a Leg or a Range radius.
All / IATA / Major / Hide
Show every airport, only airports with an IATA code (default), only major airports (those with at least 15 million passengers a year), or no background airports. Your Legs stay visible.
ICAO / IATA
Which code to prefer in map labels, Leg titles and examples. IATA is the default when opening the site. Airports without an IATA code fall back to ICAO. This changes labels, not the airports you chose.
Filter airports
Narrow the background airports by code, name, city or country. The count in the corner reports matches. The filter combines with All / IATA / Major / Hide and does not limit Leg search. Clear it with ×.
Fit paths
Zoom the map to every visible Leg. Each Leg card also has its own Fit action.
Share
On phones and tablets the Share button in the map’s lower-left corner opens a sheet with a ready Story and Post image, a Video preview, Copy link, Edit image and Edit video; see section 07.
+ / − · Show my location · Reset map view
Zoom in steps, centre the map on your device location after a browser permission prompt, or return to the default view. Your location is never added to a Path or a link.

Drag to pan; scroll or pinch to zoom. The map stays north-up: it cannot be tilted or rotated in any projection. In Equal Earth, dragging sideways turns the central meridian instead of panning. Hover an airport for its code and name. Click a Leg on the map to see its Path, its title and distance or radius, and to open its card.

03 / Dock, paths & legs

The dock and the top bar

On desktop the dock holds Draw legs, the Path list and the dock actions. It is 360 px wide by default and can be dragged between 260 and 460 px; the browser remembers the width. The Path list scrolls while the actions stay at the bottom.

On a phone, the route field sits above a large map. Scroll below the map to edit Paths and Legs or open Compare. The field still suggests airports as you type and shows any input errors.

Top bar

On a phone, the top bar shows Orthodrome, the Highlighted maps star, Theme and Open menu. The menu starts with Import flights, then Guide, Updates, Info and Privacy, followed by Our socials with Bluesky, Instagram and X links. On larger screens, the social links are in the top bar. A box-and-arrow icon marks links to external pages, licence files or a new tab. Shortcuts and Commands also appear when using a mouse; keyboard shortcuts still work with an external keyboard. To copy a link on a phone, open Share in the map’s lower-left corner and choose Copy link.

Guide · Info · Privacy
Open this guide, the data sources with licences and terms, or the privacy policy as a dialog over the map. Each dialog also offers Open as a page for sharing or printing.
Shortcuts · Commands
The keyboard reference and the searchable command palette; see section 06.
Theme
Switch between Midnight (dark) and Frost (light). The choice is remembered in your browser and used on every page.
Import flights
Turn a Flighty or my.flightradar24 CSV export into Paths, one per month, year or trip; see section 01.
Share
On desktop the top bar has a Share menu with Image (S), Video and Copy link; see section 07.
Copy link
Copy every Path and completed Leg, with names, colours, line styles and aircraft families, plus the wind setting and the Map’s default aircraft family, as a link; see section 08. Hidden Legs are included and open visible. If the clipboard is blocked, a text box lets you copy manually. The address bar follows your edits, so copying the browser address gives the same Map.

Dock actions

New path
Create an empty Path with the next palette colour and make it active.
Hide all / Show all
The eye hides every Path on the map or shows them all again. Hide all first, then use the eye on a Path header to bring Paths back one at a time.
Collapse all / Expand all
The double chevron collapses every Path’s Leg list in the dock or opens them all again. Like the chevron on a Path header, it changes nothing on the map.
Clear all
Remove every Path and Leg and start again with one empty Path.
Compare
Open or close the comparison below the map; see section 05.

Path header

Active path
Click the number badge or the name to make a Path active. New Legs, Draw legs and map clicks go to the active Path.
Name
Paths are unnamed by default. Choose + name on the header, or Rename path in the menu. Names appear in the dock and in shared links.
Totals
The number of completed Legs and their total great-circle distance. Ranges count as Legs but add no distance. Hidden Legs are included.
Hide / Show
The eye toggles the Path on the map. A hidden Path and its Legs are struck through in the dock; they stay in the dock and in shared links.
Menu (…)
Rename, change colour, add a Leg, hide or show the Path, switch between solid and dashed lines, or delete the Path. The last remaining Path cannot be deleted.
Collapse
The chevron hides the Leg list in the dock. Collapsing does not hide anything on the map.

Leg card

Title
Computed from the two airports or the Range. A leg.name in a link is kept as metadata but is not shown or editable.
Open card
Click the title to open or close the editor. The active card shows Fit and Hide/Show icons and, for a Leg with two airports, a Reverse button between the chips.
Menu (…)
Reverse or duplicate the Leg, Hide from map or Show on map, set its line style, move it up or down, move it to another Path, or delete it. With a card focused, Alt + ↑ / ↓ also reorders it.
Line style
Legs inherit the Path’s solid or dashed style unless set to Solid or Dashed individually. Switching the Path’s style resets those overrides to Inherit.

04 / Range circles

An airport and a radius, or a flight time

In an empty Leg, type EFOU@200nm and pick the result. Orthodrome draws a circle 200 nautical miles from Oulu. Draw legs accepts the same form, but a Range cannot be combined with a chain in one expression.

EFOU@200km
EFOU@200nm
EFOU@200mi
EFOU@12.5km
EFOU@4h30
EFOU@45min

In the search field the radius may use a decimal point or comma and a space before the unit; without a unit it uses the current display unit. In a link the radius uses a decimal point and defaults to kilometres. The radius must be positive and smaller than half the Earth’s circumference, about 20 015 km.

Time-based Ranges

Write a time instead of a distance and the Range becomes the reach of the Path’s aircraft family. For example, EFOU@4h30 uses four and a half hours.

Accepted forms are 4h30, 4h, 4:30, 4.5h and 45min. The value is stored in minutes and shown as 4h30, under 100 hours.

The family’s taxi, climb and descent allowance comes off the top; the rest is flown at cruise speed. Change the family in the Path and the circle changes with it. A time shorter than that allowance draws nothing.

Edit a Range

A Range occupies a whole Leg and its card shows two chips. It has no time estimate of its own and cannot be compared.

  1. Click the centre chip to clear the Range and choose a new centre.
  2. Click the value chip to edit its radius or flight time. Enter applies; Escape cancels.
  3. Use colour, line style, visibility and Fit as for other Legs. Changing the display unit keeps the same physical radius.
Open two 200 nm circles

What winds change

In wind mode, Orthodrome turns the typed still-air radius into a cruise time. It flies that time along direct great-circle routes through mean winds. Downwind the circle reaches further; upwind it reaches less.

The Range’s Path supplies the aircraft family and typical altitude. Two Paths can therefore draw different reaches from the same centre and radius. Click a circle to see its period, family, altitude and shortest and longest reach.

Turn on winds

  1. Set Range winds to Winds or Both in Map settings.
  2. Use Wind period for the annual mean or one month. The annual mean is the flatter starting point; a month shows seasonal patterns such as the winter jet stream.

Read the results

Boundary
It shows direct routes in mean winds, not the largest reachable area. A detour could find better winds. Treat it as a climate comparison, not a forecast or flight plan.
Time estimates
Leg times in the dock, Compare and map popup use the same winds and aircraft. In Both, the estimate also shows the difference from still air. Taxi, climb and descent are added as before.
Both
Keeps the still-air circle as a reference in the opposite line style. Switching mode, period or aircraft animates the shape unless reduced motion is enabled.
Unreachable directions
When wind is stronger than cruise speed, the circle pinches towards its centre and shows the count. If wind data cannot load, circles stay in still air and the map says so.
Mean winds are not average journeys. A headwind costs more time than the matching tailwind saves. These climate-based estimates do not predict an individual flight.

05 / Compare

Every Leg on one distance or time axis

Compare in the dock, or C, opens a panel below the map. Every completed Leg is a dot on a shared axis, so rows stay comparable even when you hide a Path. Ranges and empty Legs are left out.

The Axis switch places dots by distance or estimated time. Hidden Paths and Legs leave the axis; the axis itself does not move. Your choices stay while the panel is closed.

Until you resize it, the panel follows its rows and stops at two fifths of the window. On desktop, drag the divider or focus it and use ↑ / ↓. Home and End select the smallest and tallest allowed height. The browser remembers it. On phones and tablets the panel follows the page and has no divider.

Rows
Choose Path, Destination or Origin. Path rows can draw a single Leg or an unbroken chain at its running distance. A ring marks the total and a detour percentage compares it with the direct route.
Aircraft · speed
Path rows show the family and cruise speed, with a selector for that Path. Destination and Origin rows summarise the families among their Legs.
Time
Path rows show the estimate for the Path’s family. Destination and Origin rows show the number of Legs when more than one is present.
Axis
Distance runs from zero to the longest distance in the Map. Time runs to the longest estimate, using each Path’s own aircraft family and, while a wind mode is on, the mean winds of the chosen wind period — so the same Leg can move along the axis when you change an aircraft or the period. A Leg that cannot be flown in those winds has no dot on the time axis, and a chain stops at it.
Sort and filter
Order rows by total distance, total time, number of legs, shortest or longest leg, or name. The filter matches a Path name, a Leg title, an airport code, a city or an aircraft family.
Aircraft family
Compare’s field sets the Map’s default family, which links carry. Type to search, choose with ↑ / ↓ and confirm with Enter; Escape keeps the current family. The list includes generic, commercial, regional, turboprop, business, general aviation and historic families.
Time allowances
Each family has a typical cruise speed and a per-Leg allowance for taxi, climb and descent: 24 minutes for jets, 18 for turboprops, 12 for piston aircraft, 9 for early airliners, 6 for helicopters, the earliest aircraft and airships, and 36 for supersonic aircraft. Speeds use your display unit.
Set a Path’s family
A Path without its own family uses the default. Pick a family in its ⋯ menu or in the Aircraft column; that Path’s estimates then follow it.

Click a dot to pin that Leg: it becomes the active Leg in the dock and a vertical line marks its distance across every row. Hover or focus another dot to read the difference in distance, per cent and minutes. Click a row name to make that Path active and highlight its row; in Destination and Origin rows it filters by that airport instead.

In still air, estimated time is distance ÷ cruise speed plus the family’s per-Leg allowance. Wind modes use the selected mean winds. Neither accounts for current weather, operational routing or airspace; see the terms of use.

06 / Keyboard & commands

Shortcuts and the command palette

Commands in the top bar, or ⌘/Ctrl + K, searches every action, including those for the active Path and Leg: rename or recolour the Path, replace a Leg’s airport, change its line style or move it to another Path. Type to filter, ↑ / ↓ to choose, Enter to run. Shortcuts, or ?, shows the reference below.

G D / G M
Focus Draw legs / focus the map settings.
N / A
New path / add a Leg to the active Path.
C / T / F
Compare / switch theme / fit paths.
S
Make image: draw an image of the Paths shown on the map.
R / H
Reverse / hide or show the active Leg.
Alt + ↑ / ↓
Reorder the focused Leg within its Path, or the focused scene in the video studio.
Esc
Close the open tooltip, menu, dialog or map settings. A closed dialog returns focus to where you were.
Tab / Shift + Tab
Move between controls; tooltips describe the focused control. Enter on an open, completed Leg card adds a new Leg.

Letter shortcuts pause while you type in a field or use a menu; ⌘/Ctrl + K always works. Commands also offers Focus map (arrow keys pan, + and − zoom), Resize path dock (← / →, Home / End) and, while the comparison is open, Resize comparison (↑ / ↓, Home / End). On phones and tablets, the Map settings and Filter airports commands open the settings before moving focus.

07 / Share images & videos

An image or a video of the map for feeds and stories

Make image draws a PNG of the Paths shown on the map. Hidden Paths and Legs, unfinished Legs, your location, popups and the active-Leg highlight stay out of the image. The preview is drawn in your browser.

Open it from the Share menu, the corner Share button, Commands or S. On an empty Map, the Share controls tell you to draw at least one Leg first.

Format
Choose 1:1 (1080 × 1080 px), 4:5 (1080 × 1350 px), Story (1080 × 1920 px) or Link card (1200 × 630 px). Story leaves clear space for app controls.
Template
Choose Trip, Year, Network or Side by side. Year, Network and Side by side are square only.
Trip
Shows the visible Paths with their routes and totals. One Path gets its name and airports; several Paths get a count line and Map totals. Hide other Paths to make an image of one Path.
Projection
Trip only. Auto follows the Map’s projection and uses Mercator when the visible Legs do not fit on one side of a globe. Globe and Mercator keep your choice. Images do not draw Equal Earth, so Auto shows it as Mercator.
Year · Network · Side by side
Year puts every Path on a world map. Network names busy airports and counts airport use. Side by side sets Paths next to each other by flight time, each with its aircraft.
Theme
Midnight or Frost for the image and the video only. The map keeps its own theme.
Text
A heading and a top line for the image and the video. The heading starts as the Path name, the highlighted map’s title or the number of Paths; clear the field to return to it. A long heading continues on a second line, and text that still does not fit ends in …
Airport codes · Distance · Time
Show the route and the airport codes at each stop. In Trip and Year, Distance and Time independently show the total distance and the estimated flight time. Turn both off to hide the statistics row, including the number of Legs. Codes follow ICAO / IATA, distances the chosen unit, and times each Path’s aircraft family and the wind setting.
Count line
With several Paths, a line counts them: Paths and legs, Legs only or Off. Paths called and Legs called rename what is counted, for example trips or flights. Left empty, Paths are counted as years, months or trips when their names or routes show it, otherwise as paths.
Include link
Adds the Map’s link to the text that goes with the image or the video when you use Share. The link includes hidden Paths and Legs; the image and the video show only what the map shows.
Download PNG · Copy image · Share
Save the PNG (Save on a phone), copy it to the clipboard, or hand it straight to another app such as Messages or Instagram. The buttons wait until the image is ready. Copy image and Share appear only where the browser supports them.

The orthodro.me mark is always included. Nothing is uploaded: the image is drawn in your browser and stays there until you save, copy or share it. The image and video settings are not stored and are not part of the link. Opening another Map closes the editor or studio and resets its settings.

Sharing on phones and tablets

On phones and tablets the Share sheet draws the images before you choose. Story (9:16) and Post (4:5) hand the image straight to your phone’s share menu; if the image is still being prepared, tap again when it is ready. Video opens the video preview, which starts playing right away. Edit image and Edit video open the settings, and × returns to the sheet.

The sheet picks defaults from the Map. Story and Post use Trip. In square format, six or more Paths start on Year; 40 or more Legs start on Network.

A single route, including one return trip, makes a Flyover. Two or more return trips in one Path make a Recap. Two to seven one-way Paths, or two to seven separate Legs in one fan, make a Race when they share an origin or destination and have time estimates. Other multi-Path Maps use Recap.

The studio explains its choice. Your choice stays until you open another Map. Reset returns to the defaults, and AUTO marks the suggested recipe.

On a phone the image editor shows the format and heading. The video studio shows the preview and Share video; when the MP4 is ready, Share or Save hands it on. The remaining settings are under More options. Copy image is not offered on a phone; Share does the same.

Frame on map

With Trip, Frame on map turns the map view into the picture. The frame previews the texts and mark; Story also marks the clear band for story controls.

Drag or pinch the map to frame it. The image uses the projection on screen, globe or Mercator. Equal Earth switches to Mercator while you frame and returns when you leave. Fit to frame zooms until every shown Leg fits, and a hint says when no Leg is inside. Background airports follow All / IATA / Major / Hide and the airport filter, as on screen; the other templates show only your Legs’ airports.

Download PNG (Save on phones and tablets) and Share use the framed view. On phones and tablets the map fills the screen while you frame. Esc or × returns to the editor.

Make a video

The video studio makes a silent MP4 of the visible Paths at 30 fps. Every video ends on the orthodro.me card.

  1. Open Video from Share, Make video from Commands or while framing an image.
  2. Choose a recipe below and adjust its scenes.
  3. Keep Vertical (1080 × 1920) for Reels, TikTok and Shorts, or choose Landscape 4K (3840 × 2160) on tablets and desktop. Phones always use Vertical.

The preview plays the same frames live. With reduced motion turned on in your system it waits for Play preview. The browser must support H.264 encoding; the studio explains when a format is unavailable.

Choose a video recipe

Flyover
Flies from Leg to Leg along the route and draws each one. It is limited to 30 seconds.
Recap
Plays trips in order with running totals. Trips with the same name or destination group as ×N, including all their Legs. Over 67 destinations, less-travelled destinations form an “And the rest” scene. Recap can run up to 60 seconds with a notice.
Race
Runs participants on one clock and ends on arrival order. Participants are Paths or separate Legs in one fan; at least two need an estimated flight time.

Arrange scenes and adjust the video

Scenes
Turn scenes on or off and give each its own text. Reorder them with Alt + ↑ / ↓, or Move up / Move down in the scene menu. This changes the video only; the dock and link keep their order.
Scene rules
At least one scene must stay on, and the end card is always last. Flyover starts with the first ten Legs on when a Map has more than ten. Recap scenes are grouped trips, so turning scenes off shortens a long video. Race lists Range-only or time-less participants with a reason and cannot run them.
Length
Make the video calmer or quicker. Drag to set the total length; every scene stretches or shrinks with it, and Auto returns to the recipe’s own length. Flyover stays within 30 seconds and Recap within 60. Race has a fixed length, so it has no Length control.
Camera
Follow the Legs or keep the whole map in view. Race always keeps the whole map in view.
Counters · Captions · Flight time · Plane icon
Show running distance, scene text, estimated flight times and a plane at the Leg tip. Flight time is scene text in Flyover and counters in Recap, so Captions or Counters must be on. Race shows its clock and has no Camera or Flight time choice.
Text · Theme · Include link
The same heading, top line, theme and Include link as in the image editor; a change in one shows in the other. Automatic headings use airport cities, while your Path names and an unchanged highlighted map’s title take priority. Long headings shrink to fit.
Format · Safe zones
Vertical is 1080 × 1920. Landscape 4K is 3840 × 2160; it hides Safe zones because those marks are for portrait social-video overlays. Safe zones are never exported.

Export and save a video

  1. Choose Export MP4, or Share video on a phone. The size estimate is an upper limit.
  2. Keep the page open while the browser draws the frames. Cancel stops the export.
  3. When ready, use Download MP4, or Save on a phone. Share sends the file to another app where supported.

Edit returns to the settings. Changing a setting after export discards the finished video so the next file matches your choices.

Links to Orthodrome and to each highlighted map show a preview image in messaging apps and social media. Your own Map’s link shows the general Orthodrome image; share an image when you want your route in the preview.

09 / Troubleshooting

If something is missing

A link reports an error
The message names the parameter and, where possible, the Path. Check codes, separators, units, property values and limits. Unknown parameters are errors, so a typo cannot silently change the Map. Fix the URL and open it again; nothing is imported partially.
Draw legs or a link rejects a Leg
A Leg needs two different airports: HEL-HEL is an error in Draw legs and in links alike, and an alternative such as HEL-(HEL,ARN) is rejected as a whole. To mark a single airport, draw a range circle such as HEL@200nm.
Airport data is still loading
Links and Draw legs need the airport catalogue. If it fails to load, the map retries every 30 seconds; Copy link stays disabled until then.
Copy link did not copy
Your browser may block clipboard access. Use the text box that appears and your usual copy shortcut. If the Map exceeds a limit, reduce it before sharing.
Share or Copy image is missing
The browser cannot share files or copy images from a web page, as in some desktop browsers. Use Download PNG and attach the file yourself.
Export MP4 is not available
Making an MP4 needs a browser that encodes H.264 video. If Landscape 4K is unavailable, use the vertical format; the studio explains the limitation. The studio also names the reason when a video would be too long, when every scene is off, or when Race has fewer than two participants with an estimated flight time. If the export stops because the page went to the background, keep it open and try again.
The image could not be made
Drawing the image needs WebGL, like the globe and Mercator map, even when the map shows Equal Earth. Try again, choose another format, or reload the page if the map itself has stopped drawing.
An airport or Leg is missing
Check the airport filter and All / IATA / Major / Hide, then the Path and Leg visibility. The Leg may also be on the far side of the globe: use its Fit action.
No rows in Compare
Clear the filter or show a hidden Path. Ranges and empty Legs are never compared.
The map is blank
The basemap and airport data are separate files served with this site. Reload once you are back online.